![]() Wahba Institute for Strategic Competition.Science and Technology Innovation Program.Refugee and Forced Displacement Initiative.The Middle East and North Africa Workforce Development Initiative.Kissinger Institute on China and the United States.Nuclear Proliferation International History Project.North Korea International Documentation Project.Environmental Change and Security Program.Hyundai Motor-Korea Foundation Center for Korean History and Public Policy.Prevalence of adult-onset multifactorial disease among offspring of atomic bomb survivors. Fujiwara S, Suyama A, Cologne JB, Akahoshi M, Yamada M, Suzuki G, Koyama K, Takahashi N, Kasagi F, Grant EJ, Lagarde F, Hsu WL, Furukawa K, Ohishi W, Tatsukawa Y, Neriishi K, Takahashi I, Ashizawa K, Hida A, Imaizumi M, Nagano J, Cullings HM, Katayama H, Ross NP, Kodama K, Shore RE.Otake M, Schull WJ, Neel JV: Congenital malformations, stillbirths, and early mortality among children of atomic bomb survivors: A reanalysis. ![]() Journal of Radiation Research (Tokyo) 2006 47(Suppl):B67-73 Nakamura N: Genetic effects of radiation in atomic-bomb survivors and their children: Past, present and future.Washington DC: National Academy Press 1991 The Children of Atomic-bomb Survivors: A Genetic Study. Untoward pregnancy outcomes (stillbirths, malformations, and neonatal deaths within two weeks of birth) among A-bomb survivors, by parental radiation doses and cases/children examined, 1948-1953 Again, there was no evidence of relationships to radiation dose. Among the 18,876 children re-examined at that age, 378 had one or more major birth defect (2.00%), compared with 0.97% within two weeks of birth. Since many birth defects, especially congenital heart disease, are not detected in the neonatal period, repeat examinations were conducted at age eight to ten months. These abnormalities accounted for 445 of the 594 (75%) malformed infants in Table 3. The most common defects seen at birth were anencephaly, cleft palate, cleft lip with or without cleft palate, club foot, polydactyly (additional finger or toe), and syndactyly (fusion of two or more fingers or toes). No untoward outcome showed any relation to parental radiation dose or exposure. The incidence of major birth defects (594 cases or 0.91%) among the 65,431 registered pregnancy terminations for which parents were not biologically related accords well with a large series of contemporary Japanese births at the Tokyo Red Cross Maternity Hospital, where radiation exposure was not involved and overall malformation frequency was 0.92%. Newborn frequencies of untoward pregnancy outcomes, stillbirths, and malformations are shown in Tables 1, 2, and 3 according to parental dose or exposure. Physical examination of newborns during the first two weeks after birth provided information on birth weight, prematurity, sex ratio, neonatal deaths, and major birth defects. This supplementary ration registration process enabled the identification of more than 90% of all pregnancies and the subsequent examination of birth outcomes. When surveillance began, certain dietary staples were rationed in Japan, but ration regulations made special provision for women who were at least 20 weeks pregnant. During that period, 76,626 newborn infants were examined by ABCC physicians. Monitoring of nearly all pregnancies in Hiroshima and Nagasaki began in 1948 and continued for six years. No statistically significant increase in major birth defects or other untoward pregnancy outcomes was seen among children of survivors.
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